Control Systems - The Future Is Here

     The last post touched on the ability to monitor and control devices through a network.  This post will begin to explain some of the control systems that exist and what they are capable of.  Understanding these systems can give you a better idea of where technology is going and how it can be used.  
     Let me start with an example that people have probably heard of.  It is called Phillips hue.  Hue is a set of light bulbs that can be control with a mobile device.  The bulbs connect to a bridge that then gets connected to a wireless router via network cabling.  With the bulbs now connected to the network, you can control them via a smart phone app.  The app can dim and brighten, turn on and off, and even set scenes.  You can set up a scene for watching movies where your kitchen lights are dim, and living room lights are off.  Just press the scene and the lights will automatically adjust.  
     I started with Hue because it is the most consumer friendly example.  While the consumer market is just getting to know control systems, the truth is they have been around for years in the commercial market.  The leaders are Crestron and AMX.  These companies create complex control systems for nearly every aspect of your space.  You can control lighting, shades, computers, displays, and audio systems.  Manufacturers are making their equipment controllable so any of these items can be controlled over one of these complex systems.  
     A control system allows a user to control their entire space from a thin control panel.  These control panels can be button or touchscreen and can be located in a surface or set on a table.  Control systems are very popular in offices and boardrooms.  A user can sit at the conference table and lower the shades, dim the lights, turn on the display, and select their input source for presentation.  Control systems are used in many other applications as well.  The hotel industry uses them in their rooms to control various functions.  Some institutions use control systems for simple uses like lighting or shade control.  No matter the application, control systems provide a classy and convenient way to control lighting, shading, and devices.  While Crestron and AMX provide systems for home use, more consumer-grade products are beginning to surface.  Soon households will have control systems running every aspect of their homes.  Some already do, but more will certainly follow.  

-Jon

Audio Networking: AV Meets IT

     The world of analog audio has been on its way out for some time, and digital audio has been moving in.  Now there is a new culprit entering the scene, and that's networking.  The integration of digital audio means audio networks can now gain massive territory.  To illustrate, I will paint scenario.  

     The old way of designing an audio system was through analog means.  There would be a mixing board with physical inputs, analog cabling routing to processors, and then an output to speakers.  This is one of the simplest forms of an audio system.  In the analog domain an audio network gets messy as it grows in size.  This is due to the cabling, power, and space requirements. 

        Today’s technology has taken the world of network routing, and applied it to audio system applications.  Think of how your Internet and corresponding devices are set up.  You have your router that grabs the Internet from your provider to supply to your household.  Then every device you want on the network connects to that router somehow; whether it is physically or wirelessly.  All of those connected devices can now talk to each other and the Internet.  So, now you can print wirelessly, connect to the Internet, and share files remotely with other computers in your household.  These are the basics of networking and now you can do it with audio systems.  

     Audio is starting to use the same blue Ethernet cable that is used for Internet networks.  Ethernet has the capability to carry more audio signals than an analog cable that can only carry one.  So already there is an advantage.  Manufacturers are also developing digital audio devices that have the capability to talk to one another intelligently.  Addresses are assigned to each device that is attached to the network and with little manipulation from the user; these devices can talk to each other.  This is called Audio over Ethernet (AoE).  More commonly you will see it described as a Cobranet or Dante system.  These are two common systems that allow audio over Ethernet at great speeds.  Another advantage of having audio devices on a network is the ability to control and monitor them remotely.  There are some brands that allow the end user to monitor and control a device from anywhere in the world through the Internet.  The manufacturer sets up a web portal that allows the user to log in to his/her device(s) and control or monitor.  This is huge because I have witnessed first-hand, times when the crew needed access to a piece of gear but didn’t have the authorization, and the only guy that did was not there.  Having network capabilities eliminates that problem from occurring, or at least greatly reduces it. 

     So hopefully you can start to see how much of an advantage it is to have audio systems set up in a network configuration.  It allows for more complex systems, reduction in cabling, and expansion of use.  However, these systems are far more complex to design and install.  This sums up my introduction to the world of networked audio.  There will be future posts delving deeper into the equipment and techniques used to design and operate these systems.  

-Jon

Professional To Consumer: How The Recording Industry Has Shifted

     Let me paint a picture for you.  You are in a band and want to record an EP.  So you call around to professional recording studios until you find one you like.  You book the time and spend a few days in the studio tracking.  Then the engineer mixes the tracks and you get your finished product.  Now you have to build up to a release of the EP.  Finally after a long campaign, the consumer gets their hands on the music.  

     The scenario I just describe is that of the old model of the recording industry.  Recording and distributing music hardly goes through that process anymore.  Now don't get me wrong, there are still many labels and bands that prefer to work in this method and I applaud them for it.  However, the recording industry has been undergoing a major shift in recent years from a professional centric system, to a consumer centric one.  So what exactly does this mean?  Well let me explain it.  

     Since the dawn of digital recording the technology has been getting more compact and easy to use.  Now anyone with a laptop can record and mix music.  Since recording is more accessible and affordable than ever, it has caught the attention of the consumer market.  Consumers are now recording themselves and their own bands instead of paying to record at a professional studio.  Even though the quality if vastly different, the incentive of not having to pay loads of cash is appealing.  Since the demand for consumer recording has skyrocketed, it only makes sense that the manufacturers would follow that path.  Manufacturers like BLUE have halted their professional series microphones and focused on consumer grade products.  They have shifted their niche focus and opened up a whole new market in the process.  Many other companies have entered the market to just focus on the consumer.  IK Multimedia is a company that just makes products for mobile devices.  Their niche is the mobile industry and they have seen much success.  

     So to conclude, the recording industry has taken a major shift to the consumer market.  Since the technology is only getting more convenient, I don't see this trend fading anytime soon.  So if you are a professional in the recording industry it may be wise to think about how you can make this new shift work for you.  I have seen many professional studios close because they refused to shift their way of doing business to keep up with the current demand.  In a future post I will discuss ways that professionals int he industry can adapt to the changing business. 

-Jon

Mobile Devices in Acoustics

     There are many ways to get measurements for acoustic design.  The current and most known way is to lug around a large case of equipment.  This is can be tiresome and costly if travelling by air.  This case usually consists of equipment necessary for room analysis and measurement.  A consultant would go into the space, set up the equipment, and take some impulse measurements to be analyzed back in the office.  These measurements help give the consultant an idea of how sound is behaving in the space.  They are a critical step in the design an consulting process.  So if this is such an important step, then how come people are still lugging around huge cases of equipment?  Shouldn't there be a better way by now?        

     Well, there short answer is yes, there are more convenient ways.  However, many professionals prefer to use the case of gear because the portable methods have not yet proven their reliability.  In this post I will discuss some of the more convenient methods that acousticians can use to conduct room analyses, and why some still prefer the old methods. 

     Before I dive into the discussion, take a moment to watch the following video from Apple's website.  It shows how some consulting companies are using Apple products to conduct room analysis and other on-site operations.  

http://www.apple.com/ipad/business/profiles/theatre-consultants-collaborative/

     As seen in the video, iPad can replace that entire case of equipment.  There are apps in the App Store that can be used to take measurements for acoustic and AV consulting work.  As with different pieces of gear, the apps have different calibrations and may differ from each other in accuracy of measurements.  This is where reviews and testing of free versions come in handy.  These apps pose a great use of mobile and tablet technology.  Here is a list of some of the more popular apps for consultants.

AudioTools
AutoCAD WS
Audio Tool
RTA

     Some professionals are skeptical when it comes to using mobile technology to take important measurements that are critical to the project.  From my discussions with professionals in the industry, it comes down to the accuracy of the apps, and the filters put in place on the input jack for these devices.  Professionals usually use high quality microphones and high quality interfaces to conduct their measurements.  It is this that causes them to be skeptical because mobile devices use filters and limiters on their inputs that may not be up to par with the high quality interfaces.  There are some solutions to this problem that are starting to ease the transition into a more mobile work environment.  

     There are a number of products on the market that are high quality microphones designed for iPad and iPhone.  This allows the user to bypass the built in microphone to get better quality measurements.  There are even some iPad interfaces that help to compensate for any filtering and limiting by using the charge port instead of the 1/8" headphone jack.  I have seen professionals use these items for quick measurements in situations where they just needed a rough reading and nothing too specific.  However, for important measurements to be analyzed and included in reports, they still turn to their case.  I think that the industry is slowly transitioning and once mobile devices have proved their results, then more people will start to ditch their bulky cases for a sleeker, more efficient approach.

-Jon         

The Acoustical Society of America (ASA)

     In the acoustics industry there is an association that every professional and student should be a part of or at least made aware.  This association is the Acoustical Society of America.  The ASA is the national group for all professionals and students in the industry.  So let's talk a little bit about what the ASA does and why you may want to join.

     The ASA is an association aimed to bring together professionals and students in the industry to help provide and guidance, resources. and networking opportunities.  They hold meetings and seminars that allow everyone involved to get together and network while learning something about the current industry trends.  So if you are in an acoustics related profession, why should you join? Wellllll...

     Let's start with their website.  The ASA site houses an abundance of resources that can be accessed.  Journals, periodicals, textbooks, research papers, and more can all be accessed and downloaded.  To me this is reason enough to join.  If you are a student in an acoustics related program then the resources that the ASA provides are very valuable.  The website has a list of grad programs around the country and contact information.  This is huge for someone looking for a good grad school.  There is also a forum that members can access to discuss topics and get advice about career aspirations.  The ASA website serves as a hub for all things acoustic in the country.  There are links to organizations, companies, and even job postings.  

Being a part of this organization is such a great asset to have.  There are so many ways to grow your professional network.  You can start discussions with people, ask or give advice, and attend the events to network in person.  The ASA provides ways for young professionals to gain exposure in the industry, and for veteran professionals to share their knowledge.  So to wrap things up, if you are a professional and you do anything with acoustics, then the ASA is a must join!

-Jon    

Music: Need or Want?

     What is a need?  Well, a need is something that promotes our survival like food, water, sleep, etc.  So, is music a need?  Many people consider music a want because they can't see how it is essential for us as a culture and as individuals.  Music is actually a need.  We as a society need music in our lives.  We also need music for our individual health and growth.  This ARTICLE has some great insight to the effects of music on culture.  

     Music in the most basic way is used as an identifier. Music can pinpoint a specific historical period, a location on the globe, or a specific culture. Music is a need for cultural reasons because it is a form of artistic expression. However, it is so much more than that. Music has physiological impacts on the brain. It can be used to actually make our brain feel certain emotions. Certain chords, intervals, instruments, and keys can be used to trigger emotional responses. This is part of the study of psycho-acoustics. Composers and sound designers use these tricks all the time in films to get the audience to feel for the characters and leave feeling emotionally invested.  Psycho-acoustics is a great subject about how we perceive and process sound.  I encourage you to read more about it.  Here is an ARTICLE that talks a little more about how different spaces can change how we perceive sound and music.  

     So we as individuals need music to help us internally. We use music in a therapeutic way to cope with emotion. We also use in tandem with emotions. For example, if we are feeling sad we may listen to sad music to help us express that emotion. The music we listen to has an impact on how we dress, how we speak, who we talk to, and even what type of career with we take. With music playing such a huge role in our individual and cultural development, it's hard to simply say that it is just a want and not a need. We all want to feel like we are a part of something larger than ourselves. At some point we all ponder about who we are as an individual. Music allows us to complete another piece of that puzzle and act as a conduit for cultural development. So the next time you are asked if music is a need or a want, you now know the answer.

The Subjectivity of Noise

     There is noise all around us.  City streets filled with roaring buses and people on their cell phones.  There is so much noise around us that we tend to ignore it.  Ignoring the noise does not make it go away. Noise pollution is often the last thing to be considered when designing a building.  Noise is considered to be any unwanted sound.  This definition is a bit subjective since everyone has different ideas of what can be categorized as unwanted sound.  Someone may say the sound of their neighbor banging away on drums at midnight is noise, while the drummer perceives it as music.  While the threshold of what delegates wanted from unwanted sound is blurry, there are many things that are considered noise in which society is in agreement.  Below is an amusing picture that helps to illustrate the subjectivity of noise.

The sign above states that "unnecessary noise is prohibited," but what constitutes unnecessary noise? This sign does not make sense because what is considered noise to someone may be pleasing to another.  And is there such a thing as necessary noise?  If noise is defined as unwanted sound then necessary noise would imply that it is in fact wanted, therefore contradicting the definition.  So all this sign does is produce a paradox.


     Noise pollution is a growing concern in the world today and before we can tackle this issue, we need to first define the types of noise that are polluting the environment. To do this we must look at the noise sources that society is in agreement. Such sources can include traffic, trains, rooftop HVAC units, and loud machinery. Noise sources are location based so in a school, noise can be the classroom next door being too loud. This is a noise source for students in the other class. They will have trouble paying attention and studying when noise from the class next door is being transmitted into their learning environment.

   The following LINK will show an article about rising noise levels in New York City.  The noise level are getting so bad that hearing loss is being caused over extended periods of time.  Exposure to high decibel levels for extended periods will cause hearing damage, and when the people of New York are experiencing 70dB and up for more than 8 hours a day it begins to take its toll. 

     Future blog posts will dive deeper into these various sources of noise as well as common methods of treatment.  For now, understand that the best way to treat noise is at the source.  Engineering said device to not emit strong noise levels is the best solution.  However, most of the time it's very expensive and time consuming to go this route.  Click HERE to see some information on types of noise and some common ways to treat them.  This will help to further explain what I have just talked about and also serve as a transition into future topics. 

-Jon Owens
Audio Engineer/Sound Designer/Acoustic-AV Consultant
www.jon-owens.com